When God Laughs and Other Stories

Named after the first story — about a couple that tries in vain to uphold an intensely idealistic romance against the erosions of time and the inconstancy of human nature — the collection explores themes for which London became famous: the struggle for survival in the midst of hostile environments, human nature’s most elemental drives, and worker abuse in industrialized society. In The Apostate his concerns with the working poor and his dislike of pre-union-era capitalism are evident in a grim story about a young man who is brutalized by the subhuman working conditions in a textile mill, yet achieves a kind of liberation in the end.